Efficacy of Topical Dexmedetomidine in Dogs Treated for Spontaneous Chronic Corneal Epithelial Defects (scceds) as Determined by a Client-assessed Novel Pain Scoring System

Abstract

Purpose

To prospectively determine the efficacy of dilute dexmedetomidine (Akorn, Lake Forest, IL) used topically as a novel analgesic in dogs with SCCEDS.

Methods

37 dogs diagnosed with SCCEDS were included. Clients enrolled their dogs with informed consent. The study consisted of two treatment groups and a placebo group, with clients blinded to their dog’s group. Dogs were treated with diamond burr keratectomy and routine aftercare, consisting of gabapentin, topical antibiotics, and contact lens placement. The trial drop was used twice daily for five days after the procedure. A subjective pain scoring system (1-5 scoring) was developed using four categories (squinting, rubbing, behavior, discharge) to assess daily pain levels and were completed by the clients. All dogs were routinely evaluated 10-14 days after initial presentation. Statistical evaluation was performed to compare groups.

Results

No significant difference was noted between high dose dexmedetomidine (50µg/mL), low dose dexmedetomidine (25µg/mL) or placebo (saline) in any of the pain categories. Healing times and contact lens retention were not significantly different between groups. There was no difference in the need for topical anti-inflammatory medication to treat corneal granulation after ulcer healing. Compliance failure resulted in exclusion of 34% (19/56) of dogs.

Conclusions

Dilute dexmedetomidine used topically at concentrations of 50µg/mL and 25µg/mL did not improve client-assessed pain scoring for five days after treatment of SCCEDS in dogs. This model may have use in the clinical setting for prospective client-assessed studies; however, client compliance is a limiting factor. None.

Images

Keywords: canine, topical dexmedetomidine in dogs, SCCEDS treatment in dogs, spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects in dogs, canine corneal ulcer therapy, efficacy of topical dexmedetomidine veterinary study, corneal ulcer healing in dogs, pain management in dogs with SCCEDS